Unit 1 Computing



































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Database Systems (ICAR ASRB NET Bioinformatics Unit 3)

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DBMS - Overview Database  is a collection of related data and data is a collection of facts and figures that can be processed to produce information. Mostly data represents recordable facts. Data aids in producing information, which is based on facts. For example, if we have data about marks obtained by all students, we can then conclude about toppers and average marks. A  database management system  stores data in such a way that it becomes easier to retrieve, manipulate, and produce information. Characteristics Traditionally, data was organized in file formats. DBMS was a new concept then, and all the research was done to make it overcome the deficiencies in traditional style of data management. A modern DBMS has the following characteristics − Real-world entity  − A modern DBMS is more realistic and uses real-world entities to design its architecture. It uses the behavior and attributes too. For example, a school database may use students as an entity and their ag...
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ICAR ASRB NET – Bioinformatics 2023 model paper

ICAR ASRB NET – Bioinformatics 2023 Model Paper। Q1. Which of the following tools is used for RNA-Seq data alignment? A) BLAST B) TopHat C) ORF Finder D) SignalP Answer: B Explanation: TopHat is designed for aligning RNA-Seq reads to reference genomes and identifies splice junctions. Q2. The database that provides 3D structures of biological macromolecules is: A) GenBank B) PDB C) DDBJ D) GEO Answer: B Explanation: Protein Data Bank (PDB) archives 3D structural data of proteins, nucleic acids, and complex assemblies. Q3. Hidden Markov Models (HMMs) are commonly used in: A) DNA sequencing B) Phylogenetic tree construction C) Protein secondary structure prediction D) RNA editing Answer: C Explanation: HMMs model sequence probabilities and are widely used in secondary structure and domain prediction. Q4. Which tool is used to identify protein domains and families? A) ORF Finder B) BLAST C) InterProScan D) Clustal Omega Answer: C Explanation: InterProScan integrates several domain database...
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